Concrete building construction



f Agg: 9, 1927.

A. F. BEMls ET AL 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Felix-1.7. 1922 1.638,08()r l Aug 9 1927' A. F. BEMls ET AL CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCII ON Filed Feb. 17. 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet. 3

1 vvlw? /WMWW\" by UNITED STATES.

PATENT OFFICE.

ALBERT F. BEMIS, OF NEWTON, .'N'IIJ- HORATIVO W. BROWN, OF CONCORD, MASSACIl-'IIUw SETTS, ASSIGNORS, BAY MESNE KASS'IGNMENTS, T0 BEMIS INDUSTRIES IN C., 0F BOS- yTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CURPORATION' 0F DELAWARE.

GONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

rlhis invention relates to concrete building construction and more particularly yto concrete houses and oiiice buildings.

rEhe objects of the invention are tofacilitate and expedite the construction of such buildings, to economize the materials required in making such buildings, both in the materials forming a permanent part of the building and the materials employed as temporary supports in the construction of such buildings, to provide walls and floors having hollow interiors, to provide means interiorly of the walls to which the interior finish may be nailed orscrewed, to provide maximum protection from the elements, to render the structures indestructible fire or the elements, to provide attractive interior surfaces, and in general to improve the construction of buildings of the character referred to.

The invention can best be disclosed by reference to a specific construction, and one form of construction has therefore been shown in the accompanying drawings, in which,-

Fig. 1 is a perspective view from the eX- terior of the structure, showing parts broken away; l

Fig. 2 is a similar view from the interior of the building, showing parts broken away; and

Fig. 3 is a perspective vviewk of a wooden form employed in the construction.

The wooden form shown in Fig. 3. comprises side boards 1, end boards 2, one or more boards 3 intermediate the side boards l, Wooden laths 4 fastened at spaced intervals along one of the open sides of the yform and furring strips 5 secured aft wider intervals along the opposite open sideof the form, the laths being intended to' form a support for the interior plaster and the furring strips for the concrete on the opposite side. lVhen these forms are used in the side walls of a building the furring strips arewon the outside and the exterior concrete surface is applied thereover; and when the forms are used in floor construction the furring strips are on top and the concrete Hoor is applied. thereover. Between theY Vfiirriii strips and the concrete wall or. floor applis" appueation 1aed rebruary 17, 1922. serial No. 537,178.

thereover is provided a layer of impervious material such as burlapy or tarred paper.

Referring to Figs. l and 2 the foundation is lirst formedup to the line'G. Forms F are then mounted in ho'rizontal alignment, the outer ends of the forms being supported en the foundation (Sand the inner ends being 'supported on temporary supports, not shown. As `shown in Fig. 2 the forms are mounted in spaced relationship leaving spaces 7 therebetween, these spaces being adapted to receive the Yconcrete beams 8 of the floor. Betere the concrete beams are molded in these spaces the bottoms ofthe spaces are clesed by boards Y9 and reinforcing rods 12 are placed in the spaces as shown in4 Fig. 2. It is important that the boards '9 extend wholly or partially into the spaces 7 so that the concrete beams do not entirely fill the spaces 7, vwhereby when the temporary boards 9 are removed after the beams have set a space is left between the lower sides of the beams and the plastering applied t'o the lower sideofthe forms. Such a space is shown at 10 in Fig. 2 and this space either may be an air space or it may be filled with an insulatingmaterial. Thus the concrete does notcontact with the plaster and there is no danger of the plasterl becoming stained by the concrete. Before the'plaster is applied to theI under side of the forms strips of wire mesh or metallic lathing 1l are applied over the bottoms of the spaces 7.

ThebeamsS are molded simultaneously with the sills 18 a temporary formI (not shown) beingpr0vidd Outside of Sins is. After the beams 8 and sills 13 have 4been poured the reinforcing ymesh 14 is applied over the topnof the forms, the impervious sheets of burlap or tarpaper 15 having been previously applied over the furring strips 5. The concrete Hoor 16 is then formed. The beams and iioor are'preferably formed in a continuous operation so as to unite and form an integral` body of concrete.

Afterthe beams" and floor have set, a tempora'ry frame iserected upon the floor Vto which the vforms of the Walls of the first story v'and the floor of the second doer are attached lv'vhilisi the eoncretejfranie 'of the first story "a 'being' farmed. This temporary Cal frame comprises base members 17 resting on the floor 16, upright studs 1,8 resting on the base members 17 at intervals and cap members 19 resting on the tops of the studs 18. Blocks 20 are preferably interposed between the basel members and the studs 18, the blocks 20 being nailed to the bottom of the studs before the studs are set up and the laterally extending portions of the blocks being nailed to the base members 17 with.

double-headed nails whereby the studs can readily be detached from the base members in removing the temporary frame by merely pulling` out the double headed nails which secure the blocks to thebase members.

In erecting the temporary frame the studs are preferably spaced at intervals slightly greater than the width of the forms F so that after the forms have been placed in position the studs .Till register with the spaces between the forms. The forms are set up in flatwise alignment with their lower ends resting directly upon the floor 1b and preferablj7 with the :spaces therebetween registering with the spaces between the floor forms so that the upright concrete supports subsequently molded in the spaces between the wall forms register with the floor beams. In .setting up the wall forms the spaces therebetween are closed on the inside and outside by upright boards 2l and 22. The inside boards 21 preferably extend into the spaces to form air spaces as above described in connection with the floor con-l struction. Cross pieces 23 are interposed between thestuds and the inner faces of the forms and the outside board 22 overlies the adjacent forms so that when the outside boards are tied to the studs by wires 24 the forms are held in fixed position relative to the studs. The wires 2li may be tightened by pins 25 extending through loops in the outer ends of the wires. the lwires being tightened by twisting the pins 25. The boards 21 and cross pieces 23 are preferably secured to the studs 18 before the studs are set upythese parts thus being set up as units.

The forms for thel floor of the second story rest on the cap pieces 19 and extend outwardly over the .wall forms as shown at 26 in Fig. 2. These floor forms not only overhang the wall forms but they are preferably spaced vertically somewhat above the tops of the wall forms, sothat it is immaterial if the wall forms vary somewhat in height, the spaces between the tops of the wall forms and the floor forms being filled by concrete when the girder surmounting theV wall forms is poured. After the floor formsfor the second story have been mounted the second floor is formed in substantially the same way'as above described in connection with the first floor, an outside form board 27 being provided to confine the concrete forming the girder poured in the space 28. The upright portions 29 of the concrete frame filling the spaces between the wall forms are poured at the same time thc second floor girders and beams. Aedditional stories maybe erected in similar manner.

After the concrete frame work has set sufliciently to be self-supporting, the teinporary frame work may be removed. The pins25 are removed from the w` e loops and the temporary outside boards 22 are removed. rThe temporary inside frame worl; is then removed.

Before the outside concrete surface 30 is applied the wire mesh reinforcing 32 for the concrete is put in place, the ends of the wires 211 which encircle the pins 25 before the temporary structure was removed, serving to anchor the reinforcing 32 in place. The concrete surface BO is then applied with a cement gun or by hand in the usual way.

Before the interior plaster surface 33is applied strips of insulating material 34 are placedA in the spaces formerly occupied by boards 21 and wire mesh 35 is applied over these strips. The plaster surface 33 may then be applied in the usual way. B y vvirtue of the wooden forms embedded in the walls, the interior finish may be readily attached by means of nails or screws as in a wooden bui Ading.

lVe claim: l Y

' 1. ne concrete structure comprising monolithic outer walls having integral studs; and permanent unitary forms embedded in said walls and cach n'ovidino )laster suaiorting elements lying in a plane spaced from the plane of the inner surfacey of said studs and terminating adjacent said studs, said elements being aligned with similar' elements upon adjoining forms. I

2.' A concrete structure comprising monolithic side walls and floors, said wal-ls and floors having hollow forms permanently einbedded therein, studs and beams integral withsaid walls and floors respectivelyyand plaster supporting means carried by said forms and so constructed and arranged as to support plaster mounted thereon in spaced relation to adjacent studsor beams.

3. A concrete building comprising av plurality ofspaced, permanent formsv providing a ,support for a slab of concrete', a supporting'v rib of concrete integral with said slab' and arranged between said forms, a sheet of plaster spaced from said concrete and carried by said forms, and insulating means interposed between said plaster and the adjacent surface of said rib. i

4:. A floor construction comprising a plu'- vrality of spaced frames of shallow box-like construction, said frames each having fur- `ring strips extending across their open upper sides and laths extending across their lower sides,` wire mesh extendng `across the les strips.

5. The method orn making a concrete building construction which comprises erecting in spaced relationship separate unitary wall 'forms ot substantally the height oit a story and having plaster supporting elements upon one side thereof, mounting in spaced relationship separate unitary floor forms with plaster supporting elements upon their lower sides at approximately the level of the upper ends ot said wall forms, bridging the spaces between said forms with temporary closures, 'forming in said spaces the vertical and horizontal elements ot' the concrete trame structure, removing said temporary closures to leave the wall forms and floor forms respectively joined together only by the concrete structure, and inserting plaster receiving means between aligned plaster receiving elements upon the forms, and applying` plaster to the aligned surfaces thus provided.

6. The method of making a concrete building construction which comprises erecting in spaced relationship separate unitary wall iorms or" substantially the height of a story and having plaster receiving elements upon one side thereof, mounting in spaced relationship separate unitary licor forms with paster receiving elements upon the lower side thereoil at approximately the level of the upper ends of said wall forms, bridging the' spaces between said forms with temporary closures, Yforming in said spaces the vertical and horizontal elements ot the concrete trame structure, allowing said concrete to set, and applying a continuous layer of plaster to the aligned plaster receiving elements of the forms.

7. The method of making a concrete building which comprises erecting in spaced relationship separate unitary wall forms of substantially the height of a story and hav- `ing means for the application ot plaster vupon at least one side, mounting 1n spaced relationship separate unitary floor forms at approximately the level ot the upper ends of the wall forms, said forms having plaster supportingl means at their lower sides, bridging the spaces between said 'forms with temporary closures, forming in said spaces the vertical and horizontal elements of the concrete frame structure to such an' extent that the planes of the plaster receiving means are in planes spaced from said elements, bridging the spaces thus formed with plasterreceiving elements the planes of which are aligned with the plaster receiving means, applying plaster to the surfaces thus aorded to provide amonolithic building construction with plaster supported in spaced relation to the concrete elements.

8. The method of making a concrete building which comprises erecting in spaced relationship separate unitary wall forms of lsubstantiallythe height of a story and having means for the lapplication of plaster upon at least one side, bridging the spaces between said forms with temporary closures, forming in said spaces the vertical elements ot the concrete trame structure, to such an extent that the planes ot the plaster receiving means are spaced from said elements, bridgingthe spaces thus formed with plaster receiving elements the planes of Which are aligned withthe plaster receiving means, applying plaster tothe aligned surfaces thus attorded to provide a monolithic building construction with plaster supported in spaced relation to the concrete elements.

Signed by usat Boston, Massachusetts, this thirtieth day of June, 1921.

ALBERT F. BEMIS.

HORATIO W. BROWN. 

